Postdoctoral Research Associate

Khadija Batool, Ph.D.

Molecular Biologist · Medical Entomologist

Department of Entomology, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA

  • Molecular Biology
  • Vector Biology
  • Host–Microbe Interactions
  • Microbiome
  • Transcriptomics

I am a molecular biologist and medical entomologist with research experience spanning molecular biology, vector biology, host–microbe interactions, recombinant biological systems and biological data analysis. My work integrates molecular diagnostics, gene-expression analysis, transcriptomics, 16S rRNA microbiome profiling, recombinant protein methods, and cell-based and organismal experiments.

I am interested in interdisciplinary research that connects molecular mechanisms with cells, microbes and organisms to generate insights relevant to human health, biotechnology, infectious disease and insect science.

Portrait of Dr. Khadija Batool
Ph.D. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Professional Profile

From molecules to organisms: more than ten years of research across molecular genetics, vector biology, host–microbe systems and biotechnology.

I am a molecular biologist and medical entomologist with more than ten years of research experience across molecular genetics, vector biology, host–microbe interactions, recombinant biological systems and biotechnology. I currently work as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Entomology at the University of Arizona, where my research focuses on tick–pathogen interactions, tick management, proteomics, transcriptomic analysis and 16S rRNA microbiome profiling.

My technical background includes molecular cloning, recombinant vector construction, bacterial and insect-cell systems, recombinant protein expression and purification, PCR, RT-qPCR, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, ELISA, comparative transcriptomics, microbiome analysis and biological assay development. I have worked with recombinant baculovirus and densovirus systems, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, mosquitoes, ticks and multiple insect cell lines.

I have experience independently designing and optimising experiments, troubleshooting complex laboratory workflows, analysing molecular and biological datasets, publishing peer-reviewed research, collaborating across multidisciplinary teams and training junior researchers. I am interested in research and industry opportunities in molecular biology, biotechnology, microbiology, vector biology, host–microbe interactions and insect science.

Education

  1. 2019

    Ph.D., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

    Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China

    Dissertation: Mechanism of lectin in Aedes aegypti against Cry toxin.

  2. 2014

    M.Sc., Biology

    Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan

  3. 2010

    B.Sc., Zoology, Botany and Applied Psychology

    University of the Punjab, Pakistan

Additional Qualifications

  1. 2013

    B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education)

    Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan

Professional Experience

Research appointments across the United States and China spanning molecular biology, virology, biotechnology, vector biology and host–microbe interactions.

  1. October 2025 — Present Current

    Postdoctoral Research Associate

    Department of Entomology, University of Arizona · Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Conduct interdisciplinary research integrating molecular biology, microbiology, vector biology, and experimental entomology to investigate tick-associated molecular mechanisms and develop biologically based approaches for tick management.

    • Design and conduct molecular and organismal experiments investigating tick–microbe, and vector-associated molecular interactions, using DNA/RNA extraction, PCR, RT-qPCR, gene-expression analysis, microbial detection, and microbiome profiling.
    • Develop, optimize, and troubleshoot molecular and biological assays, including sample-processing workflows, nucleic-acid-based assays, microbial detection methods, and controlled treatment experiments.
    • Perform artificial membrane feeding, adult/nymph tick handling, dissections, tissue processing, and stage-specific biological assays.
    • Investigate molecular and microbial factors associated with alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) across multiple tick species and feeding conditions.
    • Characterize tick-associated microbial communities and evaluate bacterial taxa with potential roles in tick physiology, vector competence, and biological control.
    • Evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial strains as potential tick biocontrol agents through controlled exposure, dose-response, survival, and mortality studies.
    • Analyze and interpret experimental datasets, maintain detailed laboratory documentation, prepare scientific figures and manuscripts, coordinate research activities, and train students in molecular and organismal techniques.
    • Communicate research findings through peer-reviewed manuscripts, and presentations at scientific meetings.
  2. August 2022 — September 2025

    Postdoctoral Associate

    Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University · Ithaca, New York, USA

    Investigated the molecular determinants of baculovirus host range and infection progression by comparing Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection across permissive and semi-permissive lepidopteran cell systems.

    • Maintained and experimentally infected multiple insect cell lines, including Tnms42, Sf9, HzGUT and HzAM1, and performed controlled time-course infection experiments to evaluate viral entry, replication, gene expression and infection outcomes.
    • Performed qPCR-based viral DNA replication assays, TCID50 viral titration, fluorescence-based reporter assays, Western blotting and SEAP reporter assays as part of molecular and cell-based characterization of baculovirus infection.
    • Used fluorescent recombinant baculovirus reporter systems and fluorescence microscopy to characterize viral entry, early/late gene expression and progression of infection in different host-cell backgrounds.
    • Isolated high-quality RNA from time-course infection experiments and performed comparative RNA-seq/transcriptomic analysis to characterize viral gene-expression dynamics across permissive and restricted infections.
    • Analyzed differential and ranked viral gene-expression profiles to identify molecular stages associated with host-range restriction, including defects in early viral transcription and progression into the very-late phase of infection.
    • Constructed recombinant baculovirus vectors using Bac-to-Bac workflows, including molecular cloning, bacterial transformation, bacmid preparation, construct confirmation and insect-cell transfection.
    • Maintained multiple insect cell lines (Tnms42, Sf9, HzGUT and HzAM1) and prepared cells for viral infection, transfection, time-course experiments and molecular assays.
    • Developed, optimized and troubleshot cell- and virus-based experimental workflows; analyzed quantitative datasets and prepared manuscripts, scientific figures, technical reports and research presentations.
  3. October 2019 — February 2022

    Postdoctoral Researcher

    Southern Medical University · Guangzhou, China

    Conducted translational research at the intersection of molecular biology, vector biology, virology, and biocontrol, with a focus on developing environmentally friendly microbial strategies for mosquito control.

    • Developed recombinant mosquito densovirus constructs carrying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) toxin sequences and confirmed recombinant constructs using molecular methods.
    • Applied molecular cloning, recombinant vector workflows, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, cell-based assays, growth-curve analysis, and mosquito larval bioassays to evaluate pathogen performance and mosquitocidal activity.
    • Maintained Aedes mosquito experimental systems and conducted controlled infection, dose-response, pathogenicity and efficacy studies.
    • Optimized treatment and exposure conditions and evaluated the biological performance, stability, and persistence of recombinant and microbial-control formulations.
    • Collaborated with industry partners in the development and evaluation of microbial larvicide products.
    • Conducted laboratory, semi-field, and experimental field bioassays to assess product efficacy under realistic environmental conditions and after prolonged storage.
    • Used qPCR and biological-assay data to monitor product performance, persistence, and treatment effectiveness over time.
    • Interpreted experimental findings and contributed to product development, scientific publications, technical reports, and research presentations.
  4. September 2015 — June 2019

    Research Assistant & Ph.D. Researcher

    Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University · Fuzhou, China

    • Investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Aedes aegypti resistance and response to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins, with particular emphasis on lectin-mediated modulation of Cry toxicity and toxin–receptor interactions.
    • Constructed recombinant vectors and expressed recombinant proteins using bacterial expression systems.
    • Extracted, purified, quantified and characterized recombinant proteins using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE, Bradford assays and immunoblotting techniques.
    • Performed molecular cloning, bacterial transformation, PCR, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, Far-Western blotting, ligand blotting and ELISA.
    • Integrated gene-expression analysis, molecular modelling, toxin–receptor interaction assays, and mosquito bioassays to investigate molecular mechanisms influencing Cry toxin susceptibility and resistance.
    • Analyzed experimental data and contributed to manuscripts, scientific presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
    • Assisted undergraduate students with molecular biology techniques, laboratory safety and experimental recordkeeping.

Research Areas & Expertise

Interdisciplinary research connecting molecular mechanisms, microbes, vectors and organismal outcomes.

Molecular Biology & Biotechnology

Molecular cloning, recombinant vector construction, nucleic-acid workflows, gene characterisation, and experimental analysis of genes and proteins.

Medical Entomology & Vector Biology

Molecular and organismal studies of mosquitoes and ticks, including artificial feeding, dissection, bioassays, vector–pathogen interactions and biological control.

Host–Microbe & Pathogen Interactions

Investigation of molecular interactions among hosts, pathogens, symbionts and microbial communities, including infection and host-response studies.

Molecular Diagnostics & Gene Expression

PCR, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, microbial detection, gene-expression analysis, assay development and interpretation of transcriptional responses.

Transcriptomics & Microbiome Analysis

Comparative transcriptomics, differential-expression analysis and 16S rRNA microbial-community profiling in model and non-model biological systems.

Recombinant Systems & Protein Science

Recombinant protein expression and purification, bacterial and insect-cell systems, recombinant baculovirus and densovirus technologies, and protein characterisation.

Biological Control & Bioassays

Laboratory, semi-field and experimental field evaluation of microbial control agents through dose-response, mortality, survival, persistence and efficacy studies.

Research Projects

Selected research projects across molecular biology, vector biology, host–microbe interactions and biological control.

2025 — Present

Tick–Microbe Interactions and Alpha-Gal Biology

University of Arizona

Investigating molecular and microbial factors associated with alpha-gal biology across multiple tick species and feeding conditions. The work integrates artificial membrane feeding, tick dissection and tissue processing, molecular detection, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and 16S rRNA microbiome profiling to characterize tick-associated microbial communities and biological responses associated with feeding.

  • Tick Biology
  • Host–Microbe Interactions
  • Microbiome
  • RT-qPCR
  • Western Blot
2025 — Present

Microbial Approaches for Tick Management

University of Arizona

Evaluating Bacillus thuringiensis-based and other microbial approaches for tick management through controlled laboratory bioassays. The work includes treatment exposure, stage-specific testing, survival and mortality analysis, and comparison of biological responses across experimental conditions to identify environmentally sustainable approaches for tick control.

  • Biological Control
  • Bacillus thuringiensis
  • Bioassays
  • Tick Management
2022 — 2025

Comparative Transcriptomics of Baculovirus–Host Interactions

Boyce Thompson Institute / Cornell University

Investigated the molecular basis of AcMNPV host-range restriction by comparing viral infection in permissive and semi-permissive lepidopteran cell systems, including Helicoverpa zea. Combined insect cell culture, recombinant baculovirus systems, fluorescence-based infection assays, qPCR-based viral replication analysis, endpoint-dilution viral titration, and comparative transcriptomics to characterize viral entry, replication, gene expression, and infection progression.

The work identified distinct stages of viral restriction in H. zea-derived cell systems and provided insight into molecular factors governing productive versus restricted baculovirus infection.

  • Comparative Transcriptomics
  • Baculovirus
  • Host–Virus Interactions
  • Insect Cell Culture
2019 — 2022

Engineering and Evaluation of Densovirus-Based Mosquito Biocontrol

Southern Medical University

Developed recombinant mosquito densoviruses carrying Bacillus thuringiensis toxin-derived sequences and evaluated their molecular expression, genetic stability, viral growth, and larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus. The work integrated molecular cloning, mosquito cell culture and transfection, RT-PCR, protein analysis, and dose-response mosquito bioassays.

In a complementary translational project, evaluated an AalDV-5–Bti microbial oil formulation through laboratory, semi-field, and open-field bioassays, qPCR-based persistence monitoring, storage-performance testing, and non-target safety assessment in collaboration with an industry partner. These studies supported the development of environmentally friendly mosquito-control approaches.

  • Recombinant Densovirus
  • Bti Toxins
  • Mosquito Bioassays
  • Biolarvicide Development
2015 — 2019

C-Type Lectin-Mediated Modulation of Cry11Aa Toxicity in Aedes aegypti

Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University

Used midgut transcriptomics to identify Bt-responsive genes and functionally characterised the C-type lectins CTL-20 and CTLGA9 in Aedes aegypti. Recombinant protein expression, molecular modelling, Far-Western blotting, ligand blotting, ELISA and mosquito bioassays demonstrated that these lectins interact with Cry11Aa and its ALP1 and APN receptors, reducing toxin activity and increasing larval survival. The findings revealed a lectin-mediated mechanism of reduced susceptibility to Bt Cry toxins.

  • C-Type Lectins
  • Cry11Aa
  • Toxin–Receptor Interactions
  • Recombinant Proteins

Publications

Peer-reviewed journal articles, review articles and manuscripts under review. Author lists follow the published record.

Manuscripts Under Review & In Preparation

Comparative transcriptomics of baculovirus AcMNPV infections in permissive and semi-permissive lepidopteran hosts

Khadija Batool, Jeffrey Hodgson, Shan Wu, Zhangjun Fei, Gary W. Blissard

Virology Journal · Submitted, 2026

First authorUnder review

Alpha-gal occurs across multiple North American hard tick species: quantitative characterization of salivary gland α-Gal and paired microbiome profiling

Khadija Batool, Paulina Maldonado-Ruiz

Manuscript in preparation · 2026

First authorIn preparation

Journal Articles

An ovary-enriched piRNA controls ovarian development via Gadd45a–JNK-mediated nurse-cell apoptosis in the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus

Lu Yang, Yonghui Gao, Yulan Chen, Peiwen Liu, Khadija Batool, Jianxia Tang, Jinbao Gu

Insect Science · 2026

Densovirus oil suspension significantly improves the efficacy and duration of killing the vector mosquito Aedes albopictus

Khadija Batool, Jie Xiao, Siyu Zhao, Yu-Gu Xie, Jinbao Gu, Xiao-Guang Chen

Viruses · Volume 14 · 2022

First author

Recombinant mosquito densovirus with Bti toxins significantly improves pathogenicity against Aedes albopictus

Khadija Batool, Intikhab Alam, Peiwen Liu, Zeng Shu, Siyu Zhao, Wenqiang Yang, Xiao Jie, Jinbao Gu, Xiao-Guang Chen

Toxins · Volume 14 · 2022

First author

Function of residue Leucine-6 in modulating Cry11Aa toxicity in Aedes aegypti

Intikhab Alam, Khadija Batool, Aisha Lawan Idris, Xiong Guan, Lingling Zhang

Frontiers in Immunology · Volume 13 · 2022

Equal contribution

RecG is involved with the resistance of Bt to UV

Jin Xu, Chenxu Wu, Zhaohui Yang, Wencheng Liu, Hong Chen, Khadija Batool, Junmin Yao, Xiao Fan, Lei Xu, Xiong Guan, Lingling Zhang

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · Volume 167 · 2020

CTLGA9 interacts with ALP1 and APN receptors to modulate Cry11Aa toxicity in Aedes aegypti

Khadija Batool, Intikhab Alam, Liang Jin, Jin Xu, Junxiang Wang, Enjiong Huang, Xiong Guan, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Lingling Zhang

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · Volume 67 · 2019

First author

Function of Aedes aegypti galectin-6 in modulation of Cry11Aa toxicity

Xiaohua Hu, Hong Chen, Jin Xu, Guohui Zhao, Xianhui Huang, Jiannan Liu, Khadija Batool, Chenxu Wu, Songqing Wu, Enjiong Huang, Juan Wu, Munmun Chowdhury, Jie Zhang, Xiong Guan, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Lingling Zhang

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · Volume 162 · 2019

Cloning, expression and activity of ATP-binding protein in Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity modulation against Aedes aegypti

Guihui Zhao, Jinan Liu, Xiaohua Hu, Khadija Batool, Liang Jin, Xiaoqiang Yu, Enjiong Huang, Xiong Guan, Lingling Zhang

Parasites & Vectors · Volume 12 · 2019

Transcriptomic analysis of Aedes aegypti in response to mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis LLP29 toxin

Khadija Batool, Intikhab Alam, Songqing Wu, Wencheng Liu, Guohui Zhao, Lingling Zhang

Scientific Reports · Volume 8 · 2018

First author

C-type lectin-20 interacts with ALP1 receptor to reduce Cry toxicity in Aedes aegypti

Khadija Batool, Intikhab Alam, Guohui Zhao, Junxiang Wang, Jin Xu, Xiaoqiang Yu, Enjiong Huang, Xiong Guan, Lingling Zhang

Toxins · Volume 10 · 2018

First author

Aedes aegypti galectin competes with Cry11Aa for binding to ALP1 to modulate Cry toxicity

Ling-Ling Zhang, Xiao-Hua Hu, Song-Qing Wu, Khadija Batool, Munmun Chowdhury, Yi Lin, Jie Zhang, Sarjeet S. Gill, Xiong Guan, Xiao-Qiang Yu

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · Volume 66 · 2018

Comparison and mechanism of the UV-resistant mosquitocidal Bt mutant LLP29-M19

Ling-Ling Zhang, XiaoJuan Zhang, Khadija Batool, XiaoHua Hu, MingFeng Chen, Jin Xu, JunXiang Wang, XiaoHong Pan, TianPei Huang, Lei Xu, XiaoQiang Yu, Xiong Guan

Journal of Medical Entomology · Volume 55 · 2018

Alimentary tract transcriptome analysis of the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Junxiang Wang, Guifang Lin, Khadija Batool, Shuaiqi Zhang, Mingfeng Chen, Jin Xu, Juan Wu, Liang Jin, Ivan Gelbic, Lei Xu, Lingling Zhang, Xiong Guan

Journal of Economic Entomology · Volume 111 · 2018

Cry11Aa interacts with the ATP-binding protein from Culex quinquefasciatus to improve the toxicity

Lingling Zhang, Guohui Zhao, Xiaohua Hu, Jiannan Liu, Mingwei Li, Khadija Batool, Mingfeng Chen, Junxiang Wang, Jin Xu, Tianpei Huang, Xiaohong Pan, Lei Xu, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Xiong Guan

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · Volume 65 · 2017

Review Articles

Microbial-based biocontrol of Fusarium species causing wheat crown rot: current status and future prospects

Aisha Lawan Idris, Surayya Lawan Idris, Khadija Batool

Biological Control · 2026

Bacilli: the keystone biocontrol agents eradicating phytopathogens

Surayya Lawan Idris, Aisha Lawan Idris, Khadija Batool

Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology & Virology · Volume 13 · 2023

Role of lectin in the response of Aedes aegypti against Bt toxin

Intikhab Alam, Khadija Batool, Aisha Lawan Idris, Lingling Zhang

Frontiers in Immunology · Volume 10 · 2022

Equal contribution

A complete and continuously updated record is available on Google Scholar.

Awards, Fellowships & Honors

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Fellowship

Grant No. 2020M672715

Ph.D. Scholarship

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University · 2015 — 2019

First Place, Winter Symposium

College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University · 2019

Excellent Academic Presentation Award

Nankai University · 2018

Teaching & Mentoring

Graduate Course Instructor — Entomology and Biocontrol

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China · Sep 2016 — Apr 2018 · One semester

  • Designed and delivered lectures for a three-credit graduate-level Biocontrol course under faculty supervision.
  • Explained complex biological concepts through structured presentations, guiding questions and examples from pest management and biological control.
  • Assessed student learning through short quizzes, classroom discussions, final projects and research presentations.
  • Adapted lecture pacing and course materials in response to student questions and feedback.

Graduate Teaching Assistant — Biological Control

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China · Sep 2016 — Apr 2018

  • Prepared lesson materials and supported classroom activities, laboratory demonstrations and research-based assignments.
  • Provided individual and small-group guidance to reinforce scientific concepts and address learning gaps.
  • Supported students in developing research projects, scientific reports and presentations.
  • Promoted an inclusive learning environment that encouraged questions, critical thinking and application of biological concepts.

Professional Service

Peer Review

Served as a reviewer for peer-reviewed journals in entomology, microbiology, molecular biology, pest management and agricultural sciences, including:

  • Pest Management Science
  • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
  • PLOS ONE
  • Microorganisms
  • Genes
  • Agrochemicals

Professional Memberships

  • Member, Entomological Society of America (ESA) · 2025 — Present
  • Member, American Society for Virology (ASV) · 2024 — Present

Certifications & Professional Training

  1. 2026

    Basic Biosafety Protection Course

    University of Arizona

  2. 2025

    Bloodborne Pathogens and Universal Precautions (OSHA compliant)

    University of Arizona

  3. 2022

    Responsible Conduct of Research

    CITI Program / Cornell University

  4. 2022

    Laboratory Safety, Hazard Communication, Chemical Waste Disposal and Cryogen Safety

    Cornell University

Technical Skills

Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering

  • DNA and RNA extraction
  • PCR
  • RT-PCR
  • RT-qPCR
  • Gene expression analysis
  • Primer design
  • Nucleic acid quantification
  • Molecular cloning
  • TA cloning
  • Recombinant vector construction
  • Plasmid preparation
  • Bacterial transformation
  • Agarose gel electrophoresis

Vector Biology & Medical Entomology

  • Tick dissection
  • Artificial membrane feeding
  • Mosquito and tick handling
  • Adult, nymphal and larval bioassays
  • Dose–response testing
  • Mortality and survival analysis
  • Controlled infection assays
  • Tissue collection and processing
  • Sample preparation for molecular assays

Microbiology & Microbiome Analysis

  • Microbial DNA and RNA extraction
  • 16S rRNA microbiome profiling
  • mothur-based sequence analysis
  • Microbial detection by PCR and qPCR
  • Microbiome data interpretation
  • Host–microbe interactions
  • Host–pathogen interactions

Virology & Insect Cell Culture

  • Bac-to-Bac baculovirus system
  • Bacmid DNA preparation
  • Insect-cell transfection
  • Recombinant baculovirus generation
  • Recombinant densovirus construction
  • Virus amplification and stock maintenance
  • Endpoint-dilution virus titration
  • Viral DNA preparation
  • SEAP assays
  • Fluorescence-based infection analysis
  • Insect cell culture: Sf9, Tnms42, HaAM1, HzGUT-AW1, C6/36

Transcriptomics & Bioinformatics

  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis
  • Differential gene-expression analysis
  • RNA-seq data interpretation
  • Host-response transcriptomics
  • Mosquito midgut transcriptomics
  • Baculovirus–host transcriptomics
  • Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes
  • Transcriptomic data visualisation and interpretation

Protein Expression & Biochemical Analysis

  • Recombinant protein expression in E. coli
  • pET32a bacterial expression system
  • IPTG-induced protein expression
  • Ni-NTA affinity purification
  • SDS-PAGE
  • Bradford protein quantification
  • Western blotting
  • Far-Western blotting
  • Ligand blotting
  • ELISA
  • Protein–protein interaction analysis
  • Cry toxin preparation and analysis

Bioassays & Quantitative Data Analysis

  • Dose–response bioassays
  • LC50, LD50 and LT50 analysis
  • Probit analysis
  • Mortality and survival analysis
  • Experimental design
  • Statistical comparison of treatment groups
  • Data visualisation and interpretation

Scientific Software & Tools

  • R
  • GraphPad Prism
  • SPSS
  • mothur
  • SnapGene
  • Geneious Prime
  • DNASTAR
  • Discovery Studio
  • PyMOL
  • MEGA
  • BioRender
  • Blast2GO
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft PowerPoint

Contact

I welcome inquiries about research collaborations, scientific discussions, consulting and professional opportunities.

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